Common Shipping Container Types and Uses

Shipping containers play a crucial role in global trade, safely housing goods as they move across oceans and continents. For businesses and individuals involved in shipping or repurposing containers, understanding the different types of shipping containers is essential. These durable metal units are designed to standardise transport, coming in a variety of sizes and types, each suited to efficiently and securely handle specific kinds of cargo.

The most widely used type is the standard dry container, ideal for general dry goods. However, the shipping industry has evolved to address diverse logistical needs through specialised container designs. Examples include refrigerated containers (reefers) for perishable cargo, open-top and flat rack containers for oversized loads, and more. Advances in container design and materials have also expanded their applications far beyond shipping — they are now used for storage, modular housing, and even retail spaces.

Key Takeaways

Shipping containers are essential for international trade, with multiple types designed to meet varied transport requirements.

While standard dry containers dominate, specialised containers support specific cargo needs.

The versatility of shipping containers extends beyond transport into storage and construction (see our [Introduction to Shipping Containers] for a general overview).

Container Fundamentals

Shipping containers form the backbone of global logistics, enabling efficient movement of goods via ships, trains, and trucks. Built for durability and versatility, they are typically made from steel or aluminium, engineered to withstand harsh marine environments while being stackable for maximum logistical efficiency.

The 20ft and 40ft shipping containers are the most common container sizes in the UK, recognised as the standard dimensions for international freight. These standard containers simplify handling, stacking, and transport across ships, lorries, and freight trains, ensuring smooth logistics throughout the supply chain.

For heavy-duty cargo, specially designed containers such as flat racks are used to support oversized or irregularly shaped loads. The construction material—typically steel or aluminium—is selected based on requirements such as weight reduction, corrosion resistance, or load-bearing capacity.

All shipping containers are defined by their standardised ISO dimensions, ensuring global compatibility with port cranes, trucks, and handling equipment. This standardisation enables seamless transfer between modes of transport—from ships to lorries or trains—supporting the efficiency of international trade.

Standard Dry Containers

Standard dry containers are the most common type in the shipping industry, built for the transport of dry goods that don’t require temperature control. Typically made of steel or aluminium, they offer strength, durability, and weather resistance to endure global shipping routes.

20-Foot Containers

Known as a Twenty-Foot Equivalent Unit (TEU), the 20ft shipping container is a cornerstone of global logistics, offering ample storage for dry cargo such as boxed goods, pallets, textiles, and manufactured products. With an internal capacity accommodating up to 11 Euro pallets in one tier, it’s one of the most versatile container sizes used worldwide.

40-Foot Containers

The 40ft container, equivalent to two TEUs, provides roughly double the capacity of a 20ft unit. It can hold around 25 Euro pallets, making it ideal for large shipments, lightweight cargo, or vehicle transport. This container size offers an efficient balance between volume capacity and ease of handling.

High Cube Containers

High cube containers are a foot taller than standard models, providing extra vertical space for oversized or bulky cargo. Their additional height allows shippers to maximise storage efficiency, especially when transporting high-volume, lightweight goods.

Specialised Container Types

Not all cargo fits neatly into a standard box. Certain goods require specialised shipping containers designed for unique handling, temperature control, or oversized dimensions. These specialised containers ensure that perishables, machinery, and hazardous materials can be shipped safely and efficiently.

Refrigerated Containers (Reefers)

Reefer containers are essential for perishable goods that must remain chilled or frozen during transport. Equipped with refrigeration units, they maintain a consistent internal temperature and are commonly used for meat, dairy, fruit, and pharmaceuticals.

Open Top Containers

Open top containers are ideal for tall or awkwardly shaped cargo that must be loaded by crane. They feature a removable steel roof or tarpaulin cover to protect goods while allowing overhead access—perfect for construction equipment or large machinery.

Flat Rack Containers

Flat rack containers are built for heavy or oversized cargo. Their collapsible sides and reinforced base allow the transport of industrial equipment, vehicles, or construction materials that cannot fit within standard dimensions.

Tank Containers

Tank containers (or ISO tanks) are designed for liquid cargo, ranging from industrial chemicals to edible oils and wine. Built from corrosion-resistant materials, they combine a cylindrical tank within a steel frame, ensuring safe, leak-proof transport.

Open Side Containers

Also known as side access containers, these feature full-length side doors for easy loading and unloading of bulky or wide cargo. They’re especially popular for construction materials and event equipment requiring fast access.

Container Features and Materials

When choosing a shipping container, construction materials and design features play a vital role in cargo protection, efficiency, and safety.

Temperature Control

Refrigerated containers (reefers) maintain constant internal temperatures for perishables and temperature-sensitive products. Built with anti-corrosive aluminium linings, these containers resist moisture and temperature fluctuations—making them ideal for UK food distribution and pharmaceutical logistics.

Ventilation and Insulation

Ventilated containers, often referred to as coffee containers, allow airflow to prevent spoilage of organic cargo like coffee beans or produce. Insulated containers, made with polystyrene or polyurethane foam, regulate internal temperatures and protect against UK weather extremes.

Cargo Safety Features

Safety is paramount in shipping. Lashing rings, lock boxes, and robust locking systems keep cargo secure during transit. Containers carrying hazardous goods are lined with durable coatings and spill-proof materials to prevent contamination.

Container Uses Beyond Shipping

Modern shipping containers have evolved beyond transport, finding new life in commercial, residential, and construction applications thanks to their durability and modular design.

Commercial and Office Spaces

Converted shipping container offices and retail units are a growing trend in the UK. Their eco-friendly and cost-effective design makes them ideal for pop-up shops, cafés, or temporary offices, easily customised with windows, insulation, and power systems.

Construction and Storage

On construction sites, containers provide secure storage for tools, materials, and equipment. Their weatherproof steel construction ensures durability against UK weather, while their portability allows quick relocation between sites.

Container Homes and Adaptive Reuse

Container homes are an innovative and eco-conscious housing solution. Using new or used shipping containers, homeowners and architects create modular, sustainable living spaces with exceptional durability and modern design flexibility.

Container Accessories

A range of shipping container accessories enhances security, handling efficiency, and cargo protection.

Locks and Seals

Heavy-duty locks, padlocks, and seal systems safeguard double-door containers from unauthorised access, maintaining cargo integrity during transit.

Coverage Solutions

Tarpaulin covers protect open-top containers from rain and debris, ensuring contents remain safe from UK weather conditions.

Handling Equipment

Cranes, slings, and shackles are essential for safe loading and unloading, particularly when managing 20ft and 40ft containers or oversized cargo.

Additional Container Types

Beyond standard options, several specialised container types serve niche logistics and industrial purposes.

Half-Height Containers

Half-height containers are ideal for dense, heavy materials such as coal, stone, or minerals. Their reduced height makes them easier and safer to load with cranes.

Swap Body Containers

Swap bodies are common in European and UK logistics, featuring retractable legs that enable quick transfer between trucks, trains, and ships without heavy machinery.

Double Door Containers

With doors at both ends, double-door containers enable faster loading and unloading, ideal for bulk goods or materials needing access from either side.

Tunnel Containers

Also known as tunnel-tainers, these have doors on both ends, forming a “tunnel” for streamlined cargo handling and enhanced versatility.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the main types of shipping containers?

The primary types of shipping containers include dry storage, flat rack, open top, high cube, insulated, and tank containers, each serving different cargo purposes.

What are the most common container sizes?

Globally, the 20ft and 40ft containers are the most frequently used, with high cube versions providing additional vertical space for larger loads.

What are the three main container categories?

Containers are generally divided into general purpose, special purpose, and modified containers, depending on their design and end use.

How are container dimensions standardised?

Most containers conform to ISO standards, allowing them to be used interchangeably across ships, trains, and trucks in international transport.